Violence advisory: boxing videos linked below
Mike Tyson is supposedly the hardest puncher ever to don a
pair of boxing gloves professionally. While Tyson might be more infamous for
his quotes, tattoos and antics (see: The Hangover) outside of the boxing ring, Tyson's career record leaves no dispute of his
ferocious fighting faculties: 50 wins, 6 losses, no draws, 2 no contests (including
a staggering 44 wins by knockout).

This is happy Mike Tyson. via missxpose
My
point? Tyson was a beast, and his ability to harness his body like a physical machine overpowered his enemies.
Perhaps likening a highly trained boxer's punch to a machine
is an apt analogy. Fighters spend hours in the gym, in the ring sparring, and
practicing punching form to be able to throw a uniform, precise punch in a
flash. Their skill is considerably more advanced than any barroom brawler and
they're paid because of it.
This wouldn't be CR4 if there wasn't a science behind the
fight. While it's practically impossible to dissect and analyze a person's
ability to take a punch, said punch is easier to calculate.
First realize that when a fighter has his hands drawn and
ready to begin his pugilistic contest, his muscles and momentum have potential
energy stored. As soon as the fighter begins to prepare for the punch potential
energy is transferred into kinetic energy. In the instance of a cross punch (a
punch from the rear hand), beginning with a firm planting of the rear foot the
boxer twists his torso toward his opponent, moving his punching shoulder
forward and gaining valuable momentum. As the punch is thrown, the arm extends
and accelerates, reaching its highest velocity when the punch connects or just
before the fighter retracts their arm. Scientists have estimated that a boxer's
punch regularly speeds over 25 mph and the kinetic energy of the punch can be
determined using the formula: KE = .5 • M • V² (M: mass of the arm, glove, fist and body leverage; V: velocity)
Other punches such as jabs, hooks and uppercuts use less
kinetic energy. Jabs and hooks are thrown from the lead hand, so they have less
velocity and do not impose the same force as a cross. Uppercuts can relinquish
massive damage to an opponent, but only when used in a combo. For this
exercise, we'll be focusing mainly on the cross punch-- the strongest single
punch-and for our purposes, the punch will land on the cheek of the opponent,
squarely and unblocked.
Now, we have little need to calculate the kinetic energy of a
punch (for the record, it can be anywhere from 100-450 joules) but let's
discuss the two variables. The mass of a boxer's punch (the combined arm, hand,
glove and body leverage) will not change during a fight, but the velocity of
the punch can. Meaning the only way to throw a harder punch is to throw it
faster. Since the formula for velocity is:
V=distance/time, the only way to throw a faster punch is for
the fist to travel a greater distance or for the punch's duration to be shorter.
A punch's distance is limited by the fighter's arm length, so shortening the
duration of the punch is the only applicable option.
Do I still have you? Good. So how do faster punches translate to
boxing success? Let Jack Dempsey show off a bit and then
I'll explain.
The momentum carried to the opponent's head is
virtually what equates to boxing success, inflicting pain and literally brain
damage. Momentum (via: momentum= mass •velocity) transferred to the opponent can only
be changed by differing the velocity of the punch.

The George Foreman Defense via George Foreman Cooking
To give you a good idea about the momentum of the boxer's punch,
let's examine the difference in the momentum of the boxer's target. The
opponent boxer usually has no momentum, until he is struck by the punch where
he received the punch's momentum. This is the impulse, ascertained by the
formula of: impulse = force • time. Force is achieved by mass • velocity². Since impulse is the amount of momentum
transferred through the punch and the mass of the punch is constant, velocity
and time are the only variables under the fighter's control.
Recall that the only way to make a punch faster is to increase the
punch's distance (impossible), or shorten it's time. A fighter stepping in
reverse will increase the time it takes to get hit, which will result in a
slower velocity. Because force is
dependent on velocity, and velocity is dependent on time, the impulse
relinquished is diminished. An uncommon tactic is called "rope-a-dope," where a
fighter stays to the perimeter of his opponent's punches, awaiting exhaustion.
So in short, the best singular punches are fast punches. (Note:
don't confuse a single punch with a combo). When you're preparing for next week's
Manny Pacquiao fight, you can tell all your friends how to throw the best punch
and seem way more into boxing then any of them even though you can't pronounce
"Pacquiao."

Whoa Manny, whoa. via MGM Grand
The National Geographic special "Fight Science" has a good breakdown on a boxer's punch.
And there it is, the key to a good boxing
victory. Now, as I said it's harder to determine the ability to take a punch
(attributes like a thick skull, courage and stupidity probably help) but based
on how Mike Tyson talks, I think he might be able to help that side of your
boxing game as well.
References
http://www.science.ca/askascientist/viewquestion.php?qID=821
http://www2.franciscan.edu/academic/mathsci/mathscienceintegation/MathScienceIntegation-856.htm
http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=5538765E-E7F2-99DF-393E0A0CD7821157
http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=3168817
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing#Punches
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