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How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

Posted October 13, 2013 5:48 PM by Chelsey H

It's early morning and you're about to indulge in a cup of coffee made just how you like it - black. But a few minutes later your coffee is lukewarm at best. Maybe you should have added cream!

Image Credit: Thekitchn.com

Basic physics of heat show that coffee with cream cools about 20% slower than black coffee.

There are three reasons this occurs:

1. Black coffee is, well… black! Dark colors absorb heat faster than light colors, but they also emit heat faster than light colors. By lightening the color of your coffee, you slow down the rate of heat loss.

2. There's this thing called The Stefan-Boltzmann Law. According to this law, hotter surfaces radiate heat faster. Another way to say this is, the power of emission is proportional to the temperature (in kelvin) raised to the fourth power. For example, if you have two cups of coffee that start at the same temperature and you pour cream into cup A, the temperature in that cup will drop immediately, as well as the rate at which it loses heat. Meanwhile, the coffee in cup B cools so rapidly that within a few moments the two coffees are about the same temperature.

3. Thicker coffee cools slower. Adding cream thickens the coffee so it evaporates slower. Evaporation carries a significant amount of heat away, so adding viscosity to your coffee slows the rate of evaporation and therefore you'll avoid a lot of heat loss.

As the temperature outside continues to drop remember that if you want your coffee to stay hot for the ride into work add some cream and a lid!

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#1

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/13/2013 9:47 PM

Adding cream cools the coffee immediately and substantially, even if subsequent cooling is slower.

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#32
In reply to #1

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 12:55 AM

Not if it's the same temperature as the hot coffee.

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#43
In reply to #32

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 8:05 AM

You keep your cream at temperatures that high?

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#50
In reply to #43

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 4:36 PM

I don't drink coffee.

Coffee reduces one's ability to hold dead on a target at 1,000 yards.

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#55
In reply to #50

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/16/2013 6:14 AM

Which is the exact reason one should stop drinking coffee immediately following a traumatic break up....

.

Initially you may miss your ex terribly... but don't worry, your aim will improve!

.

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#59
In reply to #50

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/18/2013 1:55 AM

You are so right!

When I go target shooting, I stop drinking tea and coffee some days before....

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#2

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/13/2013 9:49 PM

Perhaps, when you like it warm, you should drink it warm?

When these few minutes later you feel drinking warm coffee again, get a new one. Buy a thermo can, a heater, or preheat your cup before pouring the coffee. And don't put the chocolates too close. They might adsorb the radiated heat and melt.

In prevention logics:

if something is a problem: - rule 1. eliminate the source - here take no coffee?

rule 2. isolate the problem - perhaps keep it warm, put it in a isotherm container.

Once I was in Isreal asking for coffee. It didn't taste well. I asked: when did you brew this coffee? Yesterday !!!

I said I don't want coffee from yesterday. but coffee, made today

The answer:///???

Then................

Come back tomorrow

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#25
In reply to #2

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 4:45 PM

And now the grammar:

hotter longer- what is this? The same as longer hotter? Is this the new English way to curse?

You can keep 'longer"

but you cannot keep "hotter". Hotter is when you add energy. When you "act" or inflict a situation to act.

But my English language is still under destruction

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#27
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Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 9:24 PM

The Engineer's Notebook

The Engineer's Notebook is a shared blog for entries that don't fit into a specific CR4 blog. Topics may range from grammar to physics and could be research or or an individual's thoughts - like you'd jot down in a well-used notebook.

The off topic donor may perhaps read the basics of the blog? It is above the O P.

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#48
In reply to #27

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 4:33 PM

I put it right for you - your remarks are absolutely valid.

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#49
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Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 4:36 PM

Much appreciated. D

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#33
In reply to #2

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 3:33 AM

Once I was in Isreal asking for coffee. It didn't taste well.

  1. I said, "Waiter, this coffee tastes like mud."
  2. His answer: "Why? It was ground this morning."
  3. Yes, Israel is, in fact, real.
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#3

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/13/2013 10:20 PM

"When you hear hoofbeats, think horses, not zebras" - Dr Theordore Woodward

.

That quote would have been a good thing too keep in mind writing an article like this.

.

.

'...1. Black coffee is, well… black! Dark colors absorb...'

.

The whole explanation starts off on the wrong foot hoof. The correlation between perceived color and emissivity? Sure there is often a good correlation, but how much of the heat transfer is this really responsible.... a very small amount at these temperatures. It certainly doesn't belong at #1

.

.

'....2. There's this thing called The Stefan-Boltzmann Law. According to this law, hotter surfaces radiate heat faster.....'

.

Well yes there is a thing called the Stefan-Boltzmann Law.... and it has very little bearing in this context. The main reason why is because the temperatures are so low that radiation is not the dominant mode of heat transfer. Is your coffee is still liquid at this atmospheric pressure? Then don't worry about black-body radiation as a significant source of heat transfer.

.

.

'....3. Thicker coffee cools slower.....'

.

Third pitch here.... a swing....and ...aaw, foul ball. So close to a meaningful explanation, too. On the right track, just not connecting the dots. Kind of like some suggesting that the addition of a large spoiler causes a vehicle to be less road worthy, based on higher frequency of major accidents (when in fact it is just that certain drivers are more attracted to cars with large spoilers.....this is purely hypothetical...for all I know, large spoiler cars may have fewer accidents....hopefully you can discern my point)

.

.

.

A better three point explanation of why the rate of cooling is likely to be lower in coffee with cream than black coffee would be:

.

1. Since the cream has already significantly cooled the liquid then the difference in temperature with ambient conditions will be less than with the black coffee. Since heat transfer is driven by temperature difference, for all three modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation) then heat will be lost at a slower rate.

.

This does not mean that the black coffee is cooling so much faster that it would almost catch up, due to this effect alone. In fact, if you simply added a small amount of cool black coffee instead of cream, the cooling rate would be very close to the same for either cup passing through the same temperature.

.

2. Creamers and real dairy cream contain oils and fats. Oils and fats are decent insulators and they are dispersed throughout the liquid, but also have a tendency to form a film on the top. This not only slows heat transfer via conduction, but also limits evaporation. Loss of heat to latent heat of vaporization can be significant, even modest reductions can slow cooling significantly.

.

Convection within the fluid is also reduced by the increase in viscosity. This is close to what the explanation above was suggesting, but just a few steps away. There are numerous very viscous fluids that are also very volatile.

.

3. Black coffee probably tastes 'cold' at a higher temperature than coffee with cream/creamer. The bitter flavors that become more noticeable as black coffee cools are in large part masked by cream/creamer. The drinker of black coffee may be registering the coffee as 'cold' when it tastes bitter, while the drinker of coffee with cream may only register the coffee as cold when it is at a temperature much closer to ambient. This is more a factor of experimental error than the physics of coffee cooling though.

.

If that description isn't sufficient there are a couple more reasons that likely add to the effect.

.

Coffee with creamer is easier to drink faster (since it is cooler), this increases the chance that the cup will be finished before it gets cold, whereas black coffee runs the risk of being put aside to cool...and potentially forgotten until too late.

.

Assuming the same initial pour size, adding additional liquids probably leads to a greater volume to surface (liquid to air) area ratio, conducive to reduced heat transfer. The cup is likely somewhat of an insulator and a thermal mass which does not increase with the increased volume.

.

.

I that is a reasonable explanation without resorting to pulling zebras into your coffee cup. Do you agree?

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#4
In reply to #3

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/13/2013 10:46 PM

Good points

.

but

.

they're not really improved

.

by adding extra periods

.

to create additional spaces between them.

.

IT'S ALMOST AS ANNOYING AS ALL CAPS.

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#5
In reply to #4

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/13/2013 11:02 PM

The text editor has a bad habit of crushing whatever I write down to one block paragraph.

.

The periods in between are the only way I know to insure it doesn't happen.

.

I use one "." for spaces between sentences and two for a new paragraph just to make it readable.

.

.

Sorry, if it is irritating. That is not the intent. I plan to continue though (until I have a better solution), because I find the monoblock style sufficiently unreadable that if forced to choose, I would simply not post.

.

I don't hold high hopes for finding a solution quickly, since they haven't been that stellar in fixing the other problems on CR4 recently (and I don't want to distract them).

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#6
In reply to #5

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/13/2013 11:20 PM

This "explanation" is not believable; others have no problem with composing correct paragraphs.

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#7
In reply to #6

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/13/2013 11:42 PM

Wait. Because you have no similar problem, and no one has complained to you with a similar problem, you assume that no one else has the problem, and that my explanation is not believable. Your incredulity is difficult to believe. There are numerous factors to consider, not the least of which it the type of browser being used. Why would you suspect I would be trying to deceive you? What benefit could I hope to gain with this absurd style. It is not quicker to write, it certainly doesn't give my statements any air of professionalism. Okay, just for you, I am abstaining from my period-work around. Is this better for you?

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#8
In reply to #7

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/13/2013 11:49 PM

Yes. Your current paragraph is properly composed. Thank you. If your browser is giving you trouble, ditch it and get another. Thank you again.

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#9
In reply to #8

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 12:31 AM

Exactly.

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#10
In reply to #8

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 12:32 AM

That is just the problem. It wasn't composed as one paragraph. There were a couple times I hit enter to separate the groups of sentences, but it all comes out as one block. That is fine for short discourse, but anything longer is unreadable. I can't be certain but I think you might have even complained at one time of people not using spaces. Are the periods-for-spaces truly that annoying to you? Also if anyone else is particularly annoyed at the non-standard style I have adapted as a work around, please voice your opinion. I had no idea I was grating on nerves. I would have written one comment off to someone having their panties in a wad, but with two CR4 members I respect suggesting the format of my comments is offensive, I have to reconsider.

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#11
In reply to #10

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 4:19 AM

LOL...

of course you can hit the edit button

and separate with spaces as you desire...

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#13
In reply to #11

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 7:09 AM

sure... but it just reverts to the same thing.

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#14
In reply to #10

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 7:19 AM

On second thought, I'll type in whatever bastardized work-around format I please.

.

Anyone who's sense of composition and style is too highly refined to bear glancing at the method I use to put space in can simply scroll past. For those so delicate, when you are scrolling down and see 'Truth is not a....' just close your eyes tightly and finish the sentence in your head as 'concept I am willing to consider without prim and proper styling and composition', as you quickly scroll past what would surely scorch your fair sensibilities.

.

When have I ever lied to you, or even given you strong suspicions that I was attempting to foist some falsehood in earnest? Why move right away to the absurd idea that what I am saying is not true, and that I have some secret ulterior motive for typing in this awkward fashion?

.

Thank you style-nazis, you have removed the burden of this tedious work around. It is no longer a tiresome requirement, but instead an act of defiance.

.

.

.

.

Does it hurt yet?

.

.

.

.

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#12
In reply to #7

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 4:51 AM

Come on now chaps.

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

Stop all this fighting in public.

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . or something like that.

. . . . . . . . .

(Takes far longer than just ordinary typing. Jeez....... )

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#18
In reply to #7

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 9:07 AM

Chrome used to do that to me, back when it first came out.

I always wondered why you did that.

My coffee cools off because I add 2% milk out the refrigerator, which is cold. I drink it out of a giant mug that holds about a liter. Once it goes to room temp, I sometimes add ice to it and drink iced coffee.

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#15
In reply to #5

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 7:39 AM

What browser are you using? Safari, for example, doesn't support any formatting you put into the text editor.

Put this tag at the beginning of a new paragraph to make a line break: (p) - but use brackets instead of parentheses [ ]

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#16
In reply to #15

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 7:48 AM

Thank you. That has worked on my mobile phone browser in the past. I may switch browsers or might try that solution, but for now, I'm remaining in defiance mode.

.

I do appreciate your assistance.

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#17
In reply to #5

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 7:57 AM

I have the same thing on my ipad, and I have to put in [/p] to start a newline. Don't know why it works now, maybe because I'm on a laptop

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#19
In reply to #5

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 9:12 AM

And all this time, I just thought you were............................ different.

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#36
In reply to #5

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 5:41 AM

It doesn't bother me.

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#20

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 3:14 PM
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#21

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 3:18 PM

Next weeks topic:

"How to keep your beer cooler longer"

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#22
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Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 3:56 PM
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#23
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Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 3:58 PM

If your beer gets warm before your done drinking.......... you really never wanted a beer in the first place.

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#24
In reply to #23

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 4:33 PM

Well if you really wanted a beer it doesn't matter if it's warm or cold....

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#26
In reply to #24

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 7:31 PM

If the beer is free....... Then I really don't care.

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#30
In reply to #26

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 11:29 PM

I have to disagree! I can't stand warm beer! I prefer my wine cooler than many others do, but beer needs to be as close to 0°C as possible. (Beer does NOT freeze at 0°C).

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#37
In reply to #30

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 6:18 AM

I was told by a beer conisuer (bartender/ bar owner that) warm beer was better for you. I don't know if that was true.

But I did recall, a cool beer, not cold, not warm but a cool beer goes down best......... Unless your eating chili..... Then one in a frosted mug works.

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#58
In reply to #37

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/16/2013 4:39 PM

I started drinking warm beer when roomates consumed beer out of the fridge.

Guinness Stout when left beside the fridge was always there when I wanted one.

And, as a black coffee drinker, I'd be adverse to putting any CR4P in it just to keep it warm, it's best to let it cool a bit, then drink it while it's warm.

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#28

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 10:42 PM

Calm down and get a good vacuum bottle, coffee stays hot and does not get bitter as happens when left on heat. Take a container of moo with you if that is your preference and same for the white death ( sugar). This way no one has to agonize over how or why it cools unless you think it will stay hot for a day or so.. cheers and happy coffee break.

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#29

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/14/2013 11:06 PM

Or you could have used a thermos flask

Or drink it while it's hot.

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#31

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 12:22 AM

Sometimes by the time I get up my coffee is cold. I just heat it up in the microwave. It also compensates for the cooling effect of adding the cream. And I can consolidate several cups into one large mug.

If god wanted us to drink cold coffee he wouldn't have given us microwaves.

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#34

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 4:29 AM

We are mostly engineers here so this should be a practical solution for many. Note. I cannot take any credit, Ivan Pavlov got here before me.

Write a simple program on your computer that rings a bell every 45 seconds (sophisticated programmers can make this time adjustable). Each time the bell rings take a sip of coffee. The coffee will be finished before it goes cold.

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#35
In reply to #34

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 5:05 AM

'....Write a simple program on your computer that rings a bell every 45 seconds ........Each time the bell rings take a sip of coffee.The coffee will be finished before it goes cold....'

.

Oh great! ...and after the coffee is finished we get to look forward to the rest of the day filled with a bell followed by air-entrained empty sipping every 45 seconds!

.

.

Perhaps a slightly more involved program (written on a computer, or as a mental note) would be more useful.

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#39
In reply to #35

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 6:48 AM

This does not pose a serious problem for me. I now work mostly from home and I have an understanding wife. Regardless of whether preceded by a bell or not, if she hears thumping caused by my banging my head against the wall, she brings me another cup of coffee (or tea).

As Pavlov discovered, it is largely a matter of conditioning.

Incidentally, I posted this comment without her seeing it. I may be a fool but I am not that stupid.

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#46
In reply to #39

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 9:25 AM

That is funny. Until the last line, I thought you were making reference to her conditioning you with the reward of tea/coffee....

.

Kind of reminds me of that song 'Wrapped Around Your Finger' by The Police.

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#47
In reply to #46

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 9:41 AM

If the dog has Pavlov conditioned, does it want Pavlov to know that he has been conditioned?

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#57
In reply to #47

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/16/2013 12:19 PM

I don't know the answer...

.

but I am salivating with anticipation at the prospect of knowing the answer!

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#38

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 6:24 AM

Just as long as the coffee doesn't taste nutty.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRt2_OLY3Ho

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#40

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 7:28 AM

If you want it to stay hot longer, use a Styrofoam cup with a lid. I think the dominant mode of heat transfer is not radiation, but a combination of conduction through the cup, convection both within the coffee and in the air around the cup, and evaporation.

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#41
In reply to #40

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 7:36 AM

Styrofoam .............. oh, oh....

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#42
In reply to #40

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 7:54 AM

Coffee cools like you say through radiation from the cup. More than evaporation. I never think' i'll hold my hands in the steam from that drink and warm them up, it's 'put your hands on the vessel' for most heat.

there are some simple tricks, and an insulated cup is one, although part of the pleasure is the heat of the vessel on lips, another is drink latte, the foam is an insulator, Use dried coffee whitener. OK, it keeps the coffee at the hottest, as opposed to milk or cream, so it goes colder at a greater rate, but that heat is initally transferred into the container, which therefore keeps the coffee warmer. Only put it on an insulated surface. Put it on stone and its cold very fast.

Make it in the mug in the micro. best for 100% milk coffee. There is no loss of heat into the vessel, as with kettle water into cold cup, as the vessel is heated with the liquid. Use warm milk for your drink, at least not refridgerated. It makes a difference. Drink smaller drinks. Coffee cans are v small cups, specifically for coffee, although I don't suggest going that small, but two small hot drinks over an hour say, are better than one hot then lukewarm big one.

My hot drink story,.. spent all day as a youth moving a sandstone wall, pulling it down, loading it up, unloading,.. on a farm. come nightfall, sitting round the table, with a cup of tea, it never seemed to go cool enough to drink, after half an hour it was still piping hot to the touch! Eventually cool enough to put to my lips,... tepid!! Yep. I had worn the skin off my fingers, and they were telling me it was really hot when it wasn't.

CNC jim

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#44
In reply to #42

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 8:05 AM

If I'm at an outdoor event like an auction, and its bitter cold, I'll buy coffee to warm my hands.

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#56
In reply to #42

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/16/2013 12:16 PM

'....Coffee cools like you say through radiation from the cup. More than evaporation. I never think' i'll hold my hands in the steam from that drink and warm them up, it's 'put your hands on the vessel' for most heat.....'

.

The type of heat transfer you describe above is not radiation but instead conduction.

.

The actual heat lost via radiation (difference in what is radiated out vs in) for typical coffee cup conditions is exceedingly small compared to other types of heat transfer.

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#45

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 9:13 AM

I'm ok with the reasons #1 and #3, but not with #2. Ok, by adding cream the temperature will drop immediately but, after that, the temperature will further drop according to Stefan-Boltzman's law. Concerning the other cup (black coffee), its temperature will, also, drop in the same way (according to Stefan-Boltzman's law). So, its temperature will always be higher than the temperature of the other cup (coffee-cream). (Of course, this is valid if you ignore the other 2 reasons #1 & #3.)

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#51

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 6:30 PM

Not coffee but the principle is there.

Years ago, we did not have running hot water, we boiled it in a kettle, poured it into the basin with some cold to get the right temperature for shaving. My brother and I had different techniques:

I ran some cold water into the basin first so that I did not waste the heat by over warming the basin, figuring it would radiate some heat to the air if I did.

My brother poured the boiling water into the basin before adding the cold water. He figured that the basin would store some of the heat and release it back to the water when he added the cold.

We didn't resolve which was the better method.

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#52
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Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 8:40 PM

I remember doing that! More important than the order of adding hot and cold water, is how much water to boil (or heat, not necessarily boil). Any water heated but not used is wasted energy.

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#53
In reply to #52

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 8:47 PM

But, if you're cooking on a wood stove, does it matter?

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#54
In reply to #53

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/15/2013 9:42 PM

Good point! Now that you mention it, I did only use that method when heating with wood, most recently while camping.

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#60

Re: How to Keep Your Coffee Hotter Longer

10/18/2013 2:11 AM

I like my coffee with full cream milk (not cream, though many mean milk when they say cream!) and hot. I use a very simple method to achieve this:-

Boil water and use it to heat up the coffee machine jug.

Before making the coffee, I pour that hot water into a great thick-walled mug to heat it up as well.

When the coffee is finished/ready, I throw out the hot water from the mug, pour in the milk (cold) and fill with fresh coffee.

Drink.

Great hot coffee.......

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