The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games signifies the end of a long journey for the Olympic Flame. By this time, the torch has traveled thousands of miles and endured some of nature's harshest conditions. Despite all this, the Olympic Flame burns as brightly as when it was first lit many miles ago.
The Olympic Torch represents a brief but beautiful moment as nations of the world unite to celebrate human achievement and possibility through sport. The torch also represents the unwavering human spirit in the face of adversity, as characterized by the torch's expedition.
Did you think that a primitive torch would suffice for a flame that symbolizes so much?
History of the Olympic Torch
The Greeks held their first Olympic Games in 776 B.C. at Olympia. Those first Olympics marked a period of peace between constantly-clashing Greek city-states. Runners dubbed "Heralds of Peace" would travel throughout the regions declaring a "Sacred Truce" between all Greek lands so that spectators could travel freely and unharmed to watch the games.
Although there wasn't an Olympic Torch then, constantly-burning flames were a regular fixture in ancient Greece. In Olympia, there was an altar dedicated to the goddess Hera, who was said to rule over the seasons and the weather. At the start of their games, the Greeks would ignite a cauldron on Hera's altar that would burn throughout the duration of the Olympics.
In 1936, Germany's Carl Diem sought to fuse the modern Olympics with the traditions of the ancient Greeks. His solution was a torch relay. For the Berlin Games of '36, a flame was lit in Olympia (where it had been lit centuries before) and carried to Germany for the start of the contest.
Designing the Olympic Torch
Today, the design of the Olympic Torch is a rigorous and lengthy process. Teams from all over the world submit their designs to the Olympic Committee. The winning team then produces a torch that is both aesthetically-pleasing and functional.
Once built, the torch must undergo rigorous testing to make sure that it can stay lit for the duration of the journey and withstand extreme weather conditions. If the torch's test is successful, some 10,000 to 15,000 torches are constructed to accommodate the thousands of people who will carry the flame throughout the Olympic Relay. If you're lucky enough to be one of the torch bearers, you have the option to buy a torch at the end of your leg!
Olympic Torch Construction
Behind the beautiful contours of an Olympic Torch is a fuel system that keeps the flame lit throughout the Olympic Relay. According to Stephanie Watson, author of How Olympic Torches Work, "The liquid fuel is stored in an aluminum canister located about halfway up the torch. It flows up to the top of a torch through a pipe. Before leaving the pipe, the liquid fuel is forced through a tiny hole. Once it moves through the hole, there is a pressure drop, causing the liquid to turn into a gas for burning."
"The torch," Watson continues, "moves the liquid fuel at a consistent rate to the burner, so the flame always burns with the same intensity." In both 1996 and 2000, engineers used a "double flame" burner system that enabled the torch "to stay lit even in erratic winds". As Watson notes, this "external flame burns slowly and at a lower temperature than the internal flame."
The Olympic Torch's external flame is "big and bright orange" so that observers can see it clearly; however, it remains "unstable in winds". The interior flame is hotter and produces a "small but very stable" blue flame that is protected from the wind. In this way, Stephanie Watson explains, the interior flame "acts like a pilot light, able to relight the external flame should it go out.
So be on the lookout for this years Olympic Torch (pictured above) heading for Vancouver this February. According to the Greeks, the flame for the Olympics burns throughout the Games as a sign of purity, reason, and peace. May these three ideas echo throughout the world for the duration of the games.
Resource:
How Olympic Torches Work by Stephanie Watson
http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/olympic-torch.htm/printable
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