
"Why," you say as you glare at your toaster. But no matter how tasty toast may be, you may not want to toast your bread until brown is due to acrylamide, a synthetic chemical that is potentially dangerous to humans. Acrylamide forms in some foods during high-temperature cooking processes like frying, baking, and roasting.
What Foods Contain Acrylamide?
Long lists of foods have been examined by the FDA for acrylamide where the quantitative limit is 10 ppb. So, how much is in those french fries you just picked up from McDonald's? Amongst seven different locations, there was found to be 155-497 ppb of acrylamide.
The highest levels of this chemical are found in coffee, potatoes, and various grain products. Meat and dairy products yield almost no acrylamide. Frying creates the most acrylamide, roasting, a little less, and baking is the lowest of the three.
How Dangerous is Acrylamide?
The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that it may be harmful to humans, but there is insufficient data to make a direct link between cancer or tumors and humans. Animal studies have concluded that acrylamide can cause cancer in animals and is thus considered potentially carcinogenic to humans. Even though there are dangerous substances for animals that are not relevant to humans, it is the position of the WHO that unless it has been proven otherwise, it is potentially dangerous.
Preventing Acrylamide Formation
Boiling, steaming, and microwaving do not form acrylamide in foods. There are other ways to reduce its formation while cooking. For potatoes, soaking raw slices in water 15-30 minutes prior to baking or frying will help reduce the development of acrylamide. The quantity of acrylamide in food is directly proportional to high heat levels and long-term food exposure to the food source.
While even the smallest amount of acrylamide presents a risk to the consumer, it is not known what constitutes a tolerable level. Good news is that workers exposed to acrylamide through the air and physical contact with skin did not seem to have any evidence of cancer.
We already know that french fries aren't the healthiest side dish on the planet, but to know that acrylamide is in toast and other brown and crunchy foods is new. Do you plan on taking any steps to reduce acrylamide in your food, or are you going to take a walk on the wild side (and hope that you will be able to toast another day)?
Resources:
FDA – Survey Data on Acrylamide in Food: Individual Food Products
WHO – Acrylamide in Food – Frequently Asked Questions
Fooducate – 11 Short Acrylamide Facts
Wikipedia - Acrylamide
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